基于虚拟电厂优化算法的负荷聚合商收益分析

Benefit analysis of load aggregators based on virtual power plant optimization algorithm

中文关键词: 虚拟电厂  负荷聚合商  需求响应  双层优化  效益分析

英文关键词: virtual power plant  load aggregator  demand response  bi⁃level optimization  benefit analysis

中文摘要:

      针对大量分布式电源接入电网带来的配电网调度和控制问题，和电网日益严重的峰谷差问题，需求响应成为电网调控的必要手段。负荷聚合商通过虚拟电厂技术，将热电联产、光伏、分布式储能、可中断负荷等分布式资源进行聚合，挖掘可控负荷和储能的需求响应价值，实现了区域配电网的源-网-荷协调优化控制机制。首先建立虚拟电厂双层优化模型，上层以负荷聚合商收益最大为最优目标，以各分布式资源自身限制等为约束条件，下层以储能和可中断负荷自身收益最大化为最优目标，以储能和可中断负荷自身限制为约束条件，采用CPLEX 求解器进行求解。然后，对单纯价格型需求响应、各主体独自参与激励型需求响应、以虚拟电厂形式参与激励型需求响应3种形式下的负荷聚合商、储能装置、用户的效益进行了分析。最后，通过计算结果的效益分析，证明了此应用场景下以虚拟电厂方式参与激励型需求响应能提升负荷聚合商和储能装置的经济收益。

英文摘要:

      In view of the distribution network scheduling and control problems caused by a large number of distributed generation access to the power grid, and the increasingly serious peak valley difference problem of the power grid, demand response has become a necessary means of power grid regulation. Through virtual power plant technology, load aggregators aggregate distributed resources such as cogeneration, photovoltaic, distributed energy storage and interruptible load to tap the demand response value of controllable load and energy storage, and realize the source-network-load coordination and optimization mechanism of regional distribution network. A bi-level optimization model of virtual power plant is established firstly. The upper level takes the maximum profit of load aggregator as the optimal objective, the self restriction of distributed resources as the constraint condition, the lower level takes the maximum profit of energy storage and interruptible load as the optimal objective, the self restriction of energy storage and interruptible load as the constraint condition, and uses CPLEX solver.Then, the benefit of load aggregators, energy storage devices and users is analyzed in three forms：pure price-based demand response,individual participation in incentive-based demand response, and VPP participation in incentive-based demand response. Finally,through the benefit analysis of the calculation results, it is proved that participating in the incentive demand response in the form of virtual power plant in this application scenario can improve the economic benefits of load aggregators and energy storage devices.