基于双重激励含电动汽车的虚拟电厂优化调度

Optimal scheduling of virtual power plant with electric vehicles based on dual incentives

中文关键词: 电动汽车  虚拟电厂  优化调度  分时电价  碳配额  主从博弈

英文关键词: electric vehicle  virtual power plant  optimal scheduling  time-of-use price  carbon quota  master-slave game

中文摘要:

      近年来，电动汽车因其在节能减排中具有优势而发展迅猛，但若无序充电则会导致系统负荷“峰上加峰”，在分时电价激励下，电动汽车有序充放电也会引起新的峰谷差出现。为了解决该问题，利用主从博弈思想，提出基于分时电价和碳配额双重激励的含电动汽车的虚拟电厂优化调度模型。首先，引入等效负荷的概念，并根据等效负荷制定双重激励政策，引导电动汽车峰时放电、谷时充电。虚拟电厂作为激励政策的制定者处于主体地位，以收益最大为目标函数，电动汽车作为激励政策的接受者处于从体地位，以成本最小为目标函数。最后，对所建立的优化模型求纳什均衡解，并和仅考虑分时电价激励对比。算例结果表明，所提模型可以提高虚拟电厂和电动汽车的总体收益，同时可以避免新的峰谷差出现。

英文摘要:

      Electric vehicles have developed rapidly in recent years due to their advantages in energy saving and emission reduction, but their disorderly charging will lead to“peak on peak”in system load. Under the incentive of time -of -use price, the orderly charging and discharging of electric vehicles will also cause newpeak - valley difference. In order to solve the problem, the idea of master - slave game is used and an optimization model of virtual power plant with electric vehicles based on dual incentives of time-of - use price and carbon quota is proposed. Firstly, the concept of equivalent load, and formulates dual incentive policies are introduced based on the equivalent load to guide electric vehicles to discharge at peak times and charge at valley times. The virtual power plant is in the main position as the maker of incentive policies, the maximum benefit of virtual power plant are taken as the optimization objectives. The electric vehicle as the recipient of the incentive policy is in the subordinate position, the minimum cost of electric vehicle are taken as the optimization objectives. Finally, finding the Nash equilibrium solution of the established optimization model, and compared with only considering the time -of -use priceincentive. The calculation example shows that use of dual incentive policies can improve the overall benefits of virtual power plants and electric vehicles, and it can avoid the occurrence of newpeak-valley difference.